Brazilian oil deposits below a layer of salt in the Atlantic Ocean hold at least 123 billion barrels of reserves, more than double government estimates, according to a university study by a former Petroleo Brasileiro SA geologist.
The research, which set out to show government figures
were too optimistic, found they underestimated the area’s potential, said
Hernani Chaves, a professor at the Rio de Janeiro State University who worked
at Petrobras for 35 years. The forecast, which the study puts at a 90 percent
probability, compares with the Brazilian oil regulator’s 50 billion-barrel estimate.
“We started with a skeptical view and finished with
bigger numbers,” Chaves said in an interview at the university, in the city of
Rio. “When we got the first results I said: ‘Something is wrong, it’s too
big.’”
Petrobras, which currently has 16 billion barrels of
proven reserves, is investing more than $200 billion in five years as it taps
the so-called pre-salt fields lying two miles below the ocean surface and
another two to four miles beneath the seabed. The deposits include the
Americas’ two largest oil discoveries since Mexico’s Cantarell in 1976. Royal
Dutch Shell Plc, Repsol YPF SA and Exxon Mobil Corp. also operate blocks in the
area. BG Group Plc and Galp Energia SGPS SA hold minority stakes.
Share Rise
Petrobras climbed as much 0.8 percent to 27.95 reais in
Sao Paulo trading, reversing an earlier decline. It fell 0.7 percent to 27.53
reais at 11:42 a.m. New York time.
Brazilian lawmakers passed a bill last year making
Petrobras the operator of all new exploration licenses in the pre-salt and
other areas deemed strategic. Rights to explore more than half of the region
are yet to be auctioned. The oil producer controls or has stakes in 85 percent
of all the existing licenses. The area likely holds 60 new fields with an
average size of 2.2 billion barrels, according to the study.
Petrobras also received the right to 5 billion barrels of
pre-salt oil from the government as payment for stock in its $70 billion share
sale last year, the world’s biggest ever.
Chaves and Cleveland Jones, a professor at the same
university and co-author of the study, found there’s a 10 percent chance the
region holds 206 billion barrels of oil and natural gas, which would surpass
the estimate of 172 billion barrels for Venezuela at the end of 2009 in BP
Plc.’s Statistical Review of World Energy. Venezuela currently has Latin
America’s biggest proven reserves.
Libra
The researchers are less optimistic than the oil
regulator on the size of the government’s Libra field, the country’s largest.
They estimate Libra holds about 5 billion barrels, compared with as much as 15
billion estimated by the ANP, as the regulator is known.
The two geologists used software from Oslo-based
GeoKnowledge, an oil consulting firm, and the Monte Carlo statistical model the
U.S. Geologic Survey uses to calculate undiscovered oil and natural gas
resources around the world. Monte Carlo predicts potential discoveries based on
the history of exploration successes and failures in an area.
Petrobras Estimate
Petrobras estimates reserves of up to 16.8 billion
barrels at four pre-salt fields where it has drilled and tested wells including
Lula, its biggest prospect, the company said in an e- mailed response to
questions. The company didn’t provide an estimate for the entire area and
declined to comment on the study.
The study assumes fields in the pre-salt region, an area
bigger than Florida, will have a recovery rate of 25 percent to 30 percent,
Chaves said. The rate measures the percentage of oil that can be extracted from
a reservoir and that counts as reserves.
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff said the pre-salt may
hold 100 billion barrels in 2009, when she was cabinet chief for her
predecessor, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
Magda Chambriard, a director at ANP, said last year the
pre-salt may hold more than the 50 billion-barrel estimate the agency uses in
presentations.
The costs and technical challenges involved in pumping
oil from ultra-deep fields will likely slow development of the reserves, Chaves
said. It will cost trillions of dollars to develop the entire area, he said.
Petrobras expects to boost recoverable reserves to up to
35 billion barrels by 2014. The company’s proven reserves, or oil that can be
extracted with existing infrastructure, rose 7.5 percent in 2010 to 16 billion
barrels, the company said Friday.
**Peter Millard in Rio de Janeiro at
Pmillard1@bloomberg.net