The most recent victim of this series of worldwide attacks is Air India, India’s government-owned flagship air carrier. In May of this year, the company was targeted by what officials described as “a highly sophisticated attack” that had begun over two months earlier. It was indeed in early February that the hackers had begun to collect information about Air India and trying to infiltrate its networks through a combination of methods, including spear-phishing. The resulting compromise affected the data of some 4.5 million of Air India’s passengers. Stolen information included passengers’ credit card details, as well as passport information, such as names and dates of birth.

But in a new report issued on Thursday, the Singapore-based cybersecurity firm Group-IB said that the methodology used by the perpetrators of the Air India attack resembled those used to hack other airline carriers around the world. Other victims have included Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Finnair, as well as SITA, a Swiss-based provider of information technology services to airline operators in over 200 countries and territories around the world.

What is more, the Group-IB report claims “with moderate confidence” that the attacks on the global airline industry are being perpetrated by APT41. Also known as BARIUM, APT41 is a highly prolific group of computer hackers that is widely believed to be connected with the Chinese government. Since first appearing on the scene in 2006, APT41 has amassed a list of victims that include firms from almost every imaginable industry, including manufacturing, telecommunications, transportation, healthcare and defense. Some of its strikes are clearly financially motivated and include ransomware attacks. Others are espionage-related and point to the information needs of a nation-state —allegedly China.

In 2020, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation added five members of APT41 to its “Most Wanted” list. The accompanying press statement accusing the five men of conducting “supply chain attacks to gain unauthorized access to networks throughout the world”, and attacking a host of companies on nearly every continent, including the Americas.