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28/03/2007 | U.S.: A Look at Offensive Cyberwarfare

Stratfor Staff

Cyberwarfare operations should include offensive measures, according to Marine Gen. James Cartwright, head of the U.S. Strategic Command, which is responsible for network warfare. This could mark a substantive expansion of U.S. cyberwarfare efforts already under way -- but most of them will not be available for public consumption.

 

U.S. Strategic Command (STRATCOM) chief Marine Gen. James Cartwright said March 21 that the U.S. military's day-to-day cyberwarfare operations must include offensive measures. Cartwright's comments might appear to herald a new aggressive stance, but they actually indicate that Cartwright -- who assumed command of STRATCOM in 2004 -- has been thinking about more offensive cyberwarfare tactics for more than a few days.

Cyberwarfare is still relatively new to the military mind. It spans the realm of possibilities, from posting misinformation on a blog to crashing a national stock exchange. The pervasive use of information technology ensures that cyberwarfare's true scope is limited only by the imagination. However, the U.S. government and military are hardly cyberwarfare novices. The number of cyberattacks on U.S. networks can routinely reach into the hundreds per day, and the attackers vary from disgruntled 15-year-old hackers to militant operatives and agents of foreign governments. This is not a new problem. The U.S. Air Force (and almost certainly the National Security Agency) has "red teams" probing for weaknesses and vulnerabilities in its own systems; however, just like firewalls and anti-virus software, these are inherently defensive measures. The U.S. government has hosted the annual Cyber Defense Exercise, which includes students from the U.S. service academies, since 2000. The students' participation is meant to color their perceptions of the modern battle space during their military service and get them thinking about and practicing cyberwarfare early in their training.

Outside the United States, U.S. counterterrorism efforts have exploited militant organizations' Internet use, tracing the trails of electrons but refraining from launching cyberattacks against the militants. In many cases, such communications are valuable ongoing sources of intelligence, and offensive attacks would destroy an extremely useful source of continually flowing information. The U.S. military used offensive cyberoperations against Iraq's military and infrastructure (though reports of U.S. e-mails to Iraqi generals offering them the chance to surrender were only rumors).

Ultimately, much about cyberwarfare efforts will remain classified. Cartwright's comments are more illustrative of a military that is accustomed to dominating the battle space preparing for a new offensive in cyberspace. STRATCOM's staff judge advocate -- the command's legal representative -- likely has advised Cartwright that his efforts to bring offensive cyberwarfare measures to bear have reached the point at which they require congressional oversight and approval -- the only real motivation for Cartwright to share his command's efforts with the public.

Though there might not be many outward signs of a new STRATCOM offensive in cyberspace, the next war between developed nations will take on an entirely new dynamic in which attacks on enemy infrastructure, once only endangered by strategic bombing, nuclear attack and physical sabotage, are only a keystroke away -- even from the far side of the planet. In the meantime, STRATCOM's new initiative will prove a telling case study in disruptive and destructive nonkinetic battle tactics.

Stratfor (Estados Unidos)

 



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