The seminar entitled Toward a Theory of Intelligence, which brought together 40 researchers and American and European intelligence professionals (see graph below), was presented as a starting point for a series of debates on the future of American intelligence. The seminar was organized at the initiative of Deborah Barger who is in charge of strategy and planning in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Summarizing the viewpoints voiced by participants, a report drafted by two Rand Corporation officials found two common threads running through the debate that should give rise to future examination: merging domestic and foreign intelligence functions and linking law enforcement more closely to intelligence. According to the report's findings, the question is whether the United States should have a separate internal intelligence agency (the FBI would become a police service) or merge domestic and foreign intelligence along the lines of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). The authors said virtually all countries beyond U.S. borders make no clear distinction between foreign and domestic threats. In the wake of Sept. 11, and citing a presentation by professor Ernest May from Harvard University, the authors insisted on the need for agencies to detect their weak points and avoid excessive self-confidence. In her study Toward a Revolution in Intelligence Affairs that she wrote in 2002/2003 - it was published by Rand in 2005 (IOL 499) - Barger already did the groundwork for a revolutionary intelligence theory based on four pillars: foreign intelligence, counter-espionage, covert action and domestic intelligence.