I am writing concerning the situation in South Sudan. Like you, we have been following the country’s descent into civil conflict with growing dismay and concern. Crisis Group has been greatly encouraged by the calls you have been making for a decisive international response to this critical development.
It
is the position of Crisis Group that the current violence in South Sudan could
both broaden and deepen, with greater ethnic underpinnings, indeed that it is
arguably already doing so. The consequences for the country are extremely
serious and could turn catastrophic. The fighting also has taken on regional
implications, including through the presence of Ugandan military in South Sudan
and Sudan’s interests in oil producing areas reportedly controlled by the armed
opposition. The international community, which has been a true friend of South
Sudan both prior to and in the first years of its independence, has a
responsibility to prevent the worst from happening.
With
credible reports of mass killings and other human right violations by state and
non-state armed actors alike, urgent, decisive and effective exercise of
UNMISS’ protection of civilians mandate is paramount. With this in mind, we
welcome the Security Council's imminent passage of a resolution that emphasises
the need to protect civilians and strengthens UNMISS' capacities. We feel that
UNMISS, using its existing forces until additional troops arrive, should take a
number of immediate, specific steps to prioritise protection of civilians,
above all other mandated tasks, including by:
- moving
military personnel and assets and key civilian staff (including human
rights officers) to areas where they will have the greatest impact on the
protection of civilians, irrespective of prior mission plans;
- ensuring
that the perimeter of UNMISS’ bases where civilians are sheltering are
consistently monitored and defended, while continuing to utilize UNPOL
within the bases;
- patrolling
in the areas surrounding bases and in other areas where civilians are
present and may be under threat;
- ensuring
that UNMISS’ political engagement directly addresses the overriding
immediate goal of ensuring civilian protection; an impartial stance
towards all armed actors is imperative;
- providing
increased clarity on rules of engagement for troops;
- planning
for extending protection to civilians taking shelter to areas beyond
UNMISS bases, such as churches and other community focal points;
- ensuring
UNMISS is able to facilitate humanitarian access and that UNMISS troops
and staff do not continue to operate under greater restrictions than UN
humanitarian agencies;
- raising
SOFA violations with the government and treating resolution of SOFA
violations as a mission priority;
- ensuring
that human rights monitoring and public reporting is prioritised and that
information from the human rights division is utilised in protection
threat assessments and decisions about troop movements;
- ensuring
that the Human Rights Division is supported within the mission, including
through the effective use of personnel with forensic capabilities; and,
- publicly
warning and naming individuals suspected of carrying out attacks on
civilians that they will be held accountable.
At
this stage, in addition to the protection of civilians, we welcome your call
for an urgent ceasefire, with strong messages that individuals, and their
leaders, who violate basic humanitarian principles will be held accountable for
their actions. I would urge, further, that talks begin about implementing an
effective arms embargo on all parties to the conflict not involved in
good-faith negotiations towards a ceasefire and political settlement. The
Security Council should consider the establishment of a sanctions committee
both for violation of this arms embargo and against individuals who participate
in or are complicit in atrocities.
Only
once peace has been restored, can attention effectively turn to the
longer-term, no less important task of repairing the damage done, including
healing the divisions between and within the SPLM, SPLA and South Sudan’s
diverse communities. We welcome the high-level visit of IGAD foreign ministers
to Juba on 19-20 December as well as IGAD's communiqué of 22 December and echo
its call for a cessation of hostilities, the start of unconditional dialogue
and the full and immediate protection of civilians. We reiterate our
proposal in our statement of 18 December that they remain fully engaged and
empowered in this process, with the Security Council supporting an immediate
role for IGAD both in pursuing a ceasefire and, subsequently, facilitating
peace talks aimed at restoring a unified South Sudan government that truly
represents the diversity of the country.
Sincerely,
Louise
Arbour
President & CEO
fecha |
Título |
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