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13/12/2010 | Colombia's foreign policy - Seeking new friends

The Economist Staff

THERE was nothing diplomatic about Álvaro Uribe, Colombia’s president for eight years until August. His friendship with George Bush’s administration in the United States and his tendency to speak his mind about threats to his country’s security led to frequent rows with Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and to Colombia being relatively isolated among the mainly left-wing governments of South America.

 

As minister of defence for almost three years, Juan Manuel Santos seconded that stance: he ordered Colombian troops to enter Ecuador in 2008 after bombing a FARC guerrilla camp just across the border. That prompted Ecuador to break diplomatic relations and sparked a wider regional row. Mr Santos accused Venezuela of harbouring FARC camps and leaders, citing as evidence files on computer equipment recovered from the Ecuadorean camp.

But since taking over as president, Mr Santos has shown a much greater sense than Mr Uribe of the importance of diplomacy, as well as a desire to broaden his country’s friendships in the region. The most visible result, apart from Ecuador’s resumption of full diplomatic ties, has been a cautious truce with Venezuela. Shortly before Mr Santos took office, Mr Chávez had cut links between the two countries. His complaint was that Mr Uribe had called on the Organisation of American States to denounce Venezuela’s collaboration with the FARC. (False, said Mr Chávez.) With Mr Uribe gone, he quickly re-established relations and went on to arrange a meeting with Mr Santos, who reciprocated in November by calling Mr Chávez his “new best friend”.

Mr Santos last month displayed a token of his favour by offering to send Walid Makled, a Venezuelan accused of drug trafficking, to face charges in his home country rather than to the United States, where he is also wanted. Mr Makled has been talking volubly about the pay-offs he made to Venezuelan officials and generals. In return, Mr Chávez deported three Colombian guerrillas wanted for murder and other crimes. Colombian officials say that Venezuela has also quietly pushed some other guerrillas back over the border, and begun paying some $800m it owes to Colombian exporters. Venezuela even voted for Colombia to take up a rotating seat at the United Nations Security Council next month.

On both sides, there is calculation. Mr Chávez’s threats of war against Colombia did him little good at home. For its part, Colombia has struggled to find new markets for the $5 billion in foodstuffs and manufactures it exported to Venezuela before Mr Chávez imposed trade sanctions.

However, the rapprochement is so far just tactical. Plenty of intelligence suggests that the FARC continues to operate broadly unmolested in Venezuela. But Mr Santos clearly reckons he has more to gain by being seen as a good South American. Colombia forms with Chile and Peru a group of fast-growing market-oriented countries on the continent’s Pacific coast. But Brazilian officials often like to portray Colombia as an American Trojan horse.

Colombia has received more than $8 billion in American aid to fight guerrillas and drugs since 2000, and in return has been a loyal ally. But Colombian officials are annoyed that the United States has failed to ratify a free-trade agreement concluded in 2006. Mr Santos is seeking to de-narcotise relations. This has involved setting up bilateral working groups on issues such as technology, human rights and the environment. The new president has also done nothing to revive an agreement signed by Mr Uribe, but struck down by Colombia’s Constitutional Court, updating the terms on which American forces have access to Colombian military bases. This accord had prompted criticism in South America.

The test of Mr Santos’s approach will be whether he persuades Brazil and others that his country’s fight for security against guerrillas and drug traffickers deserves their active solidarity, so that they in turn lean on Mr Chávez to end his government’s hospitality towards the FARC. It may not take long to find out.

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 


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10/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
04/10/2009|
30/09/2009|
30/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
22/09/2009|
20/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
08/09/2009|
07/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
26/08/2009|
21/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House