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09/08/2012 | India's parties - Hazards of playing politics

The Economist Staff

INDIA’S national political parties do not look like members of a club anyone would want to join. Every decade or so, the ruling Congress party sees its share of the vote slip further. The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is little better off.

 

Its senescent leader, L.K. Advani, recently blogged that India’s next prime minister may come from neither of the main parties, which is a strange thing to say when his organisation is hoping to bring down an unpopular government and the general election is less than two years away. The only parties that seem to be thriving are local ones, such as the Janata Dal (United) party in Bihar, or broader social movements that gust through the country from time to time. So it is a surprise that the man who started one of the largest of these “apolitical” protests and who has often been most contemptuous of national politicians has decided to start his own political party. This is Anna Hazare (pictured above).

Mr Hazare (Anna, a nickname, means “elder brother”) is the scourge of corruption in high places. During the monsoon months of 2011, he brought national politics virtually to a halt by staging a hunger strike and demonstration in the capital, New Delhi. Bollywood stars came out in support. His fast was televised round the clock by India’s new breed of 24-hour news channels. The tactic was stunningly if briefly successful. The government promised to accept his main demand: to set up a lokpal, a powerful new anti-corruption body.

This summer, frustrated by lack of progress in creating this institution, Mr Hazare was back. He held a fast in Mumbai, and another in Delhi. But this time the public stayed away in droves. The television coverage was patchy, the pressure on parliament to pass a lokpal bill non-existent. On August 6th, Mr Hazare beat the retreat. He declared an end to “Team Anna”, saying its work was finished. He had already started the process of setting up a political party.

A member of the core team responsible for organising the protests admitted that Mr Hazare had been forced into the decision. “Team Anna has no intention to get political power,” said Prashant Bhushan. “But there was no alternative…[this] government was not ready to listen. So we had to take this decision.” It was backed by India’s recently-retired army chief, V.K. Singh—an extremely unusual (for India) involvement by a senior military figure in politics. But it flew in the face of Mr Hazare’s previous insistence that his protest movement was apolitical; some members of Team Anna expressed their dismay.

The reversal reflects weaknesses in Mr Hazare’s position. His plan would create what amounts to a parallel government with the authority to call ministers to account. India already has anti-corruption agencies so, to critics, the plan adds a layer of bureaucracy and would usurp the judiciary’s powers over politicians accused of breaking the law. Mr Hazare, though, was unwilling to water down his proposals.

The reversal also reflects the shallow roots of his movement. Though there is a great deal of discontent at pervasive corruption in India, especially among the middle classes, Mr Hazare himself became a standard bearer for it partly because his fasts were widely broadcast. “Anna Hazare is a media creation,” said N. Bhaskara Rao, the chairman of the Centre for Media Studies, a think-tank, bluntly. So it was a bad sign when news channels started saying the movement was anti-democratic and reporting on the thuggish activities of some of its supporters. And a worse one when the supporters started complaining about the coverage they were getting.

Mr Hazare’s protest movement capitalised on the widespread disgust about corruption. But it is not so clear how much more his proposed party could do. India already has 41 registered national or regional parties and 322 so-called “unrecognised” ones, so the political field is extremely crowded. Most began as regional or caste-based parties, which Mr Hazare’s is not. India has not seen a brand-new national party for more than a generation. And as if all that were not enough, the creation of a party is extremely problematic for Mr Hazare. His supporters are split on the decision to form one. Some left in protest. Mr Hazare said he himself will not stand for parliament or seek political office. And hanging over the venture is the question of money. Money is vital to running a political operation in India. Mr Hazare is the incarnation of revulsion against money politics. So how will he finance his party?

Still, assuming he could solve those little problems and his as-yet-unnamed group were to establish itself, what impact might it have? Mr Hazare has excoriated Congress and his attacks have further eroded the ruling party’s standing. Yet paradoxically, his party could end up damaging the BJP more. Last year, the protest movement forged links with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu cultural organisation associated with the BJP. These links were not in evidence this year but it is clear that a Hazare party could take votes away from the opposition.

If the party fizzles out, then, it would be another example of the difficulty of shaking up the established party-political system in India which is so reluctant to tackle corruption. If the party takes off, it would most likely hurt the BJP. That would be a remarkable outcome to what began as a significant challenge to Congress, and is a reminder of the reserves of power and luck that has enabled the party of Nehru and Indira Gandhi to rule India for so long, even in its own decline.

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 


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14/02/2010|
11/02/2010|
11/02/2010|
10/02/2010|
08/02/2010|
08/02/2010|
08/02/2010|
28/01/2010|
25/01/2010|
20/01/2010|
20/01/2010|
16/01/2010|
16/01/2010|
15/01/2010|
15/01/2010|
11/01/2010|
11/01/2010|
10/01/2010|
07/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
17/12/2009|
15/12/2009|
15/12/2009|
13/12/2009|
13/12/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
30/10/2009|
30/10/2009|
11/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
04/10/2009|
30/09/2009|
30/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
22/09/2009|
20/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
08/09/2009|
07/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
26/08/2009|
21/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House