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28/07/2011 | Offshoring the boat people

The Economist Staff

EVER since a conservative government under John Howard launched Australia’s so-called Pacific Solution to repel boat people ten years ago, the country’s political leaders have been vying to stop asylum-seekers landing by sea.

 

On July 25th, Julia Gillard’s Labor government signed a deal with Malaysia that it hopes will trump all previous moves. Australia will send the next 800 boat people who sail into its northern waters to Malaysia. There they will join about 90,000 other asylum-seekers who have been waiting, some of them for years, to have their claims assessed. In return, Malaysia will send 4,000 certified refugees to Australia and receive compensation for the programme’s costs.

The Malaysia deal is the first of its kind Australia has secured with another country. Up to now, Australia has held most of its boat people and processed their claims on Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean. Since January, the number detained there has been cut by more than half, to about 1,100.

In a way, the politics are strange. Australia’s asylum-seekers comprised only 1% of the world’s last year. Over the past decade, most applicants have arrived by air. But the political flashpoint has raged around the boat arrivals. Tony Abbott, Mr Howard’s successor as leader of the conservative Liberal Party, fans the flames by calling them a “peaceful invasion”. His calls to “stop the boats” have made good fodder for the tabloid journalists who love to sow alarm in Australia’s suburbs.

Ms Gillard was under pressure. Last year she announced prematurely a plan to set up a regional processing centre in Timor-Leste. It came to nothing. She first mooted the Malaysia deal two months ago. Critics accused the government of trying to palm off Australia’s obligations under the United Nations Refugee Convention to a country that has not signed that agreement. The deal that emerged has tried to deflect that complaint. Australia will cover the transfers’ cost, estimated at A$300m ($325m). The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) says Australia should process the boat people itself; but the agency will agree anyway to monitor those whom Australia sends to Malaysia. The Howard government dumped boat people in Nauru and Papua New Guinea without UNHCR surveillance. Human-rights critics are branding the “Malaysia Solution” as a pale imitation of the Pacific Solution that Labor pledged to dismantle while it was in opposition.

If it bears a likeness, at least its edges are not quite as raw. John Menadue, a former head of Australia’s immigration department, is the sort of critic to deplore his country’s “screwed-up debate” and “phobia about boats”. Nonetheless, he believes the Malaysia deal has the potential to improve on Australia’s regional approach to resettling refugees. Mr Menadue recalls Malaysia’s role 35 years ago in handling large numbers of asylum-seekers from war-torn Indochina before they could be resettled in Australia and other rich countries. That massive resettlement would never have worked so well, he says, without Malaysia’s co-operation. This plan can be seen as an evolution within the same approach.

Ms Gillard regards her people-swapping deal a bit differently. She says it will deter people from risking dangerous sea voyages to Australia, and so “smash” the people-smuggling rings. She has high stakes placed on that outcome. Mr Menadue argues that toughening up policies does not stop boats arriving when people are fleeing war zones. Most of the 2,675 refugee visas Australia has granted so far this year have gone to people from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Sri Lanka. As a hedge against the possibility that too many asylum-seekers will wash in—ie, more than the 800 asylum-seekers earmarked for Malaysia—Australia has been quietly talking to Papua New Guinea about reopening a camp for asylum-seekers on Manus island. If that happens, the Pacific Solution indeed will indeed be back in force.

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 



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19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House