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19/05/2007 | Gas and graft

The Economist Staff

A corruption scandal laps around the government.

 

Campaigning for Argentina's presidency in 2003, Néstor Kirchner promised voters that he would “renew the political culture”, cleansing it of corruption. The first three years of his term were free of big scandals.

But just six months before a presidential election in which he may seek a second term, his government's reputation for honest dealing is facing its first serious test, as details trickle out about a state-administered pipeline project sullied by front companies, fake billing and suspicions of bribes. Investigations have not unearthed any evidence of wrongdoing by government officials, and the sums involved are fairly small. But opponents claim that the rot goes deeper.

The roots of the scandal lie in Mr Kirchner's energy policy, which relies heavily on price controls. Under Argentina's successful privatisation of its natural-gas industry in 1992, private companies decided where and how much to invest in pipelines. A government regulator authorised tariff increases to pay for the projects.

When an economic collapse forced a big devaluation of the peso in 2002, the government converted all dollar-denominated tariffs into pesos and froze them. Although the economy is booming again, Mr Kirchner only recently authorised the first tariff increase for residential users in five years. To remedy the resulting shortage, the government has sought to expand a pipeline bringing gas from Bolivia.

To pay for this, the government set up a trust fund with loans from Spain's Repsol YPF and Brazil's national development bank, the BNDES. It promised to repay them from a new tax on industrial users of gas. The government then told the pipeline's operator, Transportadora de Gas del Norte (TGN), to proceed with the expansion and to send the bill to the trust fund.

TGN is controlled by Techint, an Argentine steel- and pipemaker. It organised competitive tenders for the work. Among the winners was Skanska, a Swedish construction company. As the work proceeded, a judge received an anonymous tip-off that Skanska had evaded tax by obtaining receipts for $400,000 of non-existent services bought from Infiniti, a company with no employees.

Skanska then began its own inquiry. It found that it had paid 23 different companies for services never rendered; that this money was handed back to Skanska, and that over $4m of it was eventually spent on “improper payments”—though it did not specify to whom. Skanska has sacked seven of its managers in Argentina (all of whom were arrested on May 8th) and has paid the tax authority almost $5m.

The government points out that the affair involves private companies and that there is no evidence of officials receiving bribes. But there are grounds for suspicion. During the tender won by Skanska, TGN complained in several letters to the regulator that all the bids for work that it reckoned should cost no more than $3.5m had come in at almost $9m. The regulator, who reports to the planning minister, responded that TGN should pay the excess. (The government now says TGN's estimate was too low.) Second, according to court documents Skanska was instructed to do business with Infiniti by the government agency responsible for the trust fund.

There are fears of a cover-up. Last year there was a fire in the tax office where documents relating to the case were kept. The investigating judge had previously requested police protection for those offices, but the interior ministry declined to provide it. On March 27th three armed men entered the house of Carlos Russo, the journalist who broke the story, and stole papers containing much of his work.

But investigations continue. Tax officials have searched 22 offices of firms from which Skanska obtained fake receipts. It transpires that Infiniti had over 130 clients for its non-existent services. Esteban Bullrich, an opposition congressman, estimates that at least $25m of the $285m cost of the pipeline was corruptly diverted.

Mr Bullrich and another congressmen have asked the courts to investigate three senior officials at the planning ministry in connection with the case. The minister, Julio de Vido, is Mr Kirchner's closest aide. His ministry has grown swiftly, and now oversees spending of $4.6 billion a year. On taking office Mr Kirchner appointed Mr de Vido's wife to a senior post in the government's internal audit agency.

The courts are taking a close interest in the ministry's spending. Lavish bus and train subsidies, as well as road tolls, are the subject of some 15 judicial probes. Prosecutors are now scrutinising all public-works projects financed by trust funds similar to the one used for the pipeline.

Mr Kirchner has often criticised what he sees as the sleaze during the government of Carlos Menem in the 1990s. At the time, Argentines were tolerant of such allegations because the economy was growing strongly. The government must hope they are again in forgiving mood.

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 


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28/01/2010|
25/01/2010|
20/01/2010|
20/01/2010|
16/01/2010|
16/01/2010|
15/01/2010|
15/01/2010|
11/01/2010|
11/01/2010|
10/01/2010|
07/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
03/01/2010|
17/12/2009|
15/12/2009|
15/12/2009|
13/12/2009|
13/12/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
28/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
30/10/2009|
30/10/2009|
11/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
04/10/2009|
30/09/2009|
30/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
22/09/2009|
20/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
08/09/2009|
07/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
26/08/2009|
21/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House